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經世致用(jīnɡshì-zhìyònɡ)

學術要對國家和社會的治理發揮實際效用。“經世”即治理國家和社會事務，“致用”即發揮實際效用。17 世紀初思想家顧炎武、王夫之、黃宗羲、李颙等人倡導學術研究要關注現實，通過解釋古代典籍，闡發自己的社會政治見解，解決社會實際問題，以增進國家治理、民生安定、社會改良。這一思想強調知識的政治價值和知識分子的現實擔當，體現了中國傳統知識分子講求功效、務實的思想特點和“以天下為己任”的情懷。

Study of Ancient Classics Should Meet Present Needs.

Learning should contribute to good governance. Jingshi (經世) means governance of the country and society, and zhiyong (致用) refers to meeting practical needs. In the early 17th century, thinkers such as Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Li Yong argued that scholarly studies should be geared to meet current needs. They held that while interpreting ancient classics, scholars should expound their views on the social and political issues of their day, solve practical problems, enhance governance of the country, improve people’s livelihood, and promote social reform. This view stressed the practical value of knowledge and the practical responsibilities of intellectuals. It reflects the pragmatic character of traditional Chinese intellectuals as well as their concern for the well-being of the people and eagerness to shoulder responsibility for the whole nation.

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【引例】

凡文之不關于“六經”之指當世之務者，一切不為。(顧炎武《與人書•三》)

學人貴識時務，奏議皆識一時之務者也。……道不虛談，學貴實效。學而不足以開物成務，康濟時艱，真擁衾之婦女耳，亦可羞已!(李颙《二曲集》卷七)

[先君] 益自奮勵，自理學及經世致用書，靡不究覽。(崔述《先府君行述》)

No articles should be written except those that are concerned with what the Six Classics teach us about the current state affairs. (Gu Yanwu: Letters to a Friend)

Scholars should value knowledge of current affairs. Memorials to the throne should be about such affairs... There should be no empty talk on abstract theories. The value of knowledge lies in dealing with practical matters. Scholars whose studies do not reveal the essence of things or put forward ways of coping with difficult situations should feel ashamed as an uneducated woman! (Li Yong: Collected Works of Li Yong)

My late father was very diligent. He read a wide range of works, from Neo-Confucian theories to books on dealing with practical matters. There was nothing he did not study in depth. (Cui Shu: An Account of My Late Father)