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道法自然(dào fǎ zìrán)

“道”效法、順應萬物的自然狀態(tài)。這一命題出自《老子》。“自然”指事物自主、自在的狀態(tài)。“道”創(chuàng)造、生養(yǎng)萬物，但“道”不會對萬物發(fā)號施令，而是效法、順應萬物之“自然”。“道”與萬物的關系，在政治哲學中表現為統(tǒng)治者與百姓的關系。統(tǒng)治者應遵循“道”的要求，節(jié)制自己的權力，以無為的方式效法、順應百姓的自然狀態(tài)。

Dao Operates Naturally.

Dao operates in accordance with natural conditions of all things. This idea first appeared in the bookLaozi, according to which “natural” means the natural state of things. Dao creates and nurtures everything, yet it does not command anything. In political philosophy, the relationship between Dao and natural things implies that between the ruler and the people. The rulers should follow the natural requirements of Dao, which places limits on their power, and govern by means of non-interference to allow the people and affairs to take their own natural course.

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【引例】

人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。(《老子•二十五章》)

Man patterns himself on the operation of the earth; the earth patterns itself on the operation of heaven; heaven patterns itself on the operation of Dao; Dao patterns itself on what is natural. (Laozi)